2^nd International Conference on Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine October 17-18, 2016 Chicago,Illinois, USA

Kathryn Tapper has completed her Medical Degree from the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, D.C. She is currently completing her final year of residency in Family Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. She is currently serving as one of the chief residents of the Family Medicine Residency Program at Mayo.

Amiodarone, while highly efficacious as a medical therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, has deadly potential. Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity, which can present as eosinophilic pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, or pulmonary nodules and masses, is one of many severe potential side effects of this medication. The mechanisms involved in amiodarone-induced lung injury remain unclear, but may include direct toxic effect or an indirect immunologic reaction. This case involves a patient who developed amiodarone toxicity requiring intubation secondary to ARDS after a short course on a low dose of the medication. She was a 79-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of productive cough, pleurisy, worsening fatigue, and shortness of breath. She had been on amiodarone for the previous six weeks for treatment of atrial flutter/fibrillation. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse patchy foci of ground glass opacification in both lungs, likely secondary to a drug reaction from amiodarone toxicity. Patient had increased oxygen requirements throughout her hospitalization despite treatment with high dose steroids, diuresis, and empiric antibiotic coverage. She required non-invasive ventilation with increasing frequency, later requiring intubation, and eventual withdrawal from life-sustaining measures. Amiodarone toxicity is a diagnosis of exclusion and remains perplexing from both a management and prognostic perspective. There are documented effects on the thyroid, heart, liver, skin, bone marrow, eyes, and lungs. While toxicity is rare, the potential complications can be lethal. Therefore, this medication should be used with caution due to its potential unpredictable side effect profile.

Camilo Ruiz Mejia has completed his high school studies at the age of 17 years old from Colegio Calasanz de Medellín and is currently a third year medical student at Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. He is an active member of the systems Biology research group at that same institution.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common condition, characterized by a persistent blockage of airflow, partially reversible and progressive, that represents 5% of the total deaths around the world, and is expected to become the third leading cause of death by 2030. Objective: To establish the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a medical institution from the city of Medellin, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, with a sample of 50 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a private institution in Medellin, during 2015. For the statistical analysis, the software SPSS ver.20 was used. For the quantitative variables, were calculated mean, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values, while for ordinal and nominal qualitative variables, proportions were estimated. Results: The average age was 73.5±9.3 years, 52% of the patients were women, 50% of them had retired, 46% were married and 80% lived in the city of Medellin. The mean time of diagnosis was 7.8±1.3 years and 100% of the patients were treated at the internal medicine service. The most common clinical features were: 36% classified as class D for the disease, 34% had a FEV1 <30%, 88% had a history of smoking and 52% had oxygen therapy at home. Conclusion: It was found that class D was the most common, and the majority of the patients had a history of smoking, indicating the need to strengthen promotion and prevention strategies in this regard.

Varsha Kashaw has completed her PhD in 2007 from Dr Harisingh Gour University, (A Central University; ‘A’ Grade by UGC-NAAC), India. Currently, she is working at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SVN University, India as an Associate Professor. To her credit, she is handling two research projects which are sponsored by State and Indian Government. She has published many research papers in the journals of great repute. At present she is pursuing her MBA from Global University.

Dr. Sushil K. Kashaw has completed his PhD in 2009 from Dr. Harisingh Gour University, (A Central University; ‘A’ Grade by UGC-NAAC), Sagar (M.P.)-India. Currently he has joined Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit under the mentorship of Dr. Arun K. Iyer as Raman Post Doctoral Fellow under the visitor exchange program. To his credit, he has completed three research projects and two research projects are ongoing which are sponsored by state and Indian government. Currently he is guiding four PhD scholars and 34 M.Pharm. students have done thesis under his guidance. Dr. Kashaw has published 58 research papers in the journals of great repute along with one book entitled “Text book of organic name reactions”.

Gillani Seemab is a clinical psychologist His international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. His research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Dr. Ravishekar Kannan is a Principal Scientist at CFDRC. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2008 from the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University. His research interests include particle transport methods, computational drug delivery, moving boundary problems, parallel programming, algorithm development for high order methods, fluid structure interactions and High Performance Computing (HPC). He has published a series of research papers on the above in well-known international journals. Some of his latest contributions include the development of the Wind-Kessel algorithm for truncated lung models, the Q3D model for lung airways, novel high order viscous flux schemes, optimized partitioning and communication routine for HPC and development of an algorithm to detect and quantify blast injuries. Currently Dr. Kannan works on the multiscale modelling of the pulmonary drug particle deposition, dissolution, clearance and systemic circulation, collaborating with the FDA, NIH and Merck teams. Dr. Kannan has been invited to present his research at several universities worldwide in the above mentioned areas. Dr. Kannan is in the editorial board of “Journal of Aerospace Engineering and Technology” and “International Journal of Biomedical Engineering”.

Pulmonary drug delivery via oral inhalation is increasingly used for both treatment of lung diseases and for delivering drugs to the systemic circulation. Efficacy and safety of orally inhaled drugs is dependent on deposition and absorption of drugs in targeted region. However, due to the complex pharmaceutical and physiological factors involved in drug transfer from the administration site to the target region, it is difficult to experimentally capture the detailed mechanistic insights of involved pulmonary drug delivery processes. In the present study, we have developed a novel predictive multi scale computational tool to simulate delivery, deposition, dissolution, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and actions of inhaled drug products within an integral framework of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and PBPK-PD models. The tools and models will be used in predicting the effects of inhalation devices, drug formulation, compound physiochemical characteristics, physiological settings, and various pathological factors on drug deposition and distribution. Ultimately, we aim to provide not only the detailed mechanistic insights into key aspects affecting efficacy and safety of inhaled drug products, but also to guide optimal designs of pulmonary drug delivery systems, inhaled formulations, to prescribe these therapies optimally. Research reported in this study is supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under award number 1U01FD005214-01.