Biography
Biography: Samuel Dinkneh
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis generally affects the lung, but can also affect other parts of the body. The classic symptoms of active TB are chronic cough, sputum, fever, night sweat and weight loss. Tuberculosis spreads through the air from people who have active TB cough, when they spit, speak or sneeze. People with latent TB do not transmit the disease, active Tb occurs more often in people with HIV and those who smoke. Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases and vaccination with BCG. Those who are high risk include household, workplace and social contact of people with active TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. One third of world population thought to be infected with TB. New infection occurs in about 1% of the total population each year. In 2015 there were 9 million TB cases which resulted in 1.3 million deaths, more than 95% occurred in developing country. More than 80% of the cases TB affect the lung but some time it spread and affects other organs like the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the genitourinary system, joints and bone, etc. Diagnosis of TB is culture, chest X-ray, sigh and symptom. The prevention is using BCG vaccine giving to infants. The most serious TB problem is drug resistance TB (MDR and XDR) occur due to inadequate treatment or not taking prescribed drug or drop out and need longer treatment and require more expensive drug.